Back to the Spain overview
🇪🇸Last verified August 13, 2026

Spain: document checklist

Every document you need for a Spain citizenship-by-descent case — who issues it, how to request it, and roughly what it costs and takes.

01

Ancestor's Spanish birth or nationality record (Article 20 or 22.2)

Issuing Authority
Local Registro Civil of the town of birth, or Registro Civil Central if centrally registered
Request Method
Written request to the specific local office
Cost
Modest fee
Timeline
Weeks to months, varies by office

02

Proof of nationality by origin, or of Sephardic origin (Article 22.1 only)

Issuing Authority
Civil registry of the country of origin (nationality-by-origin claims); genealogical evidence (Sephardic-origin claims)
Request Method
Certified nationality/birth record request, or specialist genealogical documentation
Cost
Modest fee for civil-registry documents
Timeline
Varies by country of origin

03

Spanish residency permit (Article 22.1 or 22.2)

Issuing Authority
Oficina de Extranjería
Request Method
Visa application before arrival, then permit registration in Spain
Cost
Varies by visa/permit category
Timeline
Months to obtain, plus the 1- or 2-year residency period itself before filing

04

Proof of exile/loss of Spanish nationality (pending Memory Law cases only)

Issuing Authority
Spanish Civil Registry (Registro Civil) or historical archives
Request Method
Written or online request
Cost
Modest fee
Timeline
8–20 weeks

Want this tailored to your exact case?

The Personalized DIY Guide turns this generic checklist into a case-specific plan — with pre-written request letters and per-document translation guidance.

Get a Personalized Checklist

Passport Heritage provides informational guidance and document organization services. We are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. Rules can change without notice — always confirm current requirements with the relevant consulate, embassy or archive before acting.